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Green Smoke

Friday, December 24, 2010

More Blood Tests for the Liver Transplant Candidate and What they Mean.



More blood tests for the liver transplant candidate and what they mean. 
These values presented represent expected normal data. 
Blood Gases

Arterial
Venous
pH
7.35–7.45
7.32–7.42
pCO2: millimeters of mercury, mmHg
35–45 mmHg
38–52 mmHg
pO2
70–100 mmHg
28–48 mmHg
HCO3
19–25 mmol/L
19–25 mmol/L
O2 Sat %
90–95
40–70

CBC: Complete blood count, Adults

Male
Female
Hemoglobin (g/dl)
13.5–16.5
12.0–15.0
Hematocrit (%)
41–50
36–44
RBC's ( x 106 /ml)
4.5–5.5
4.0–4.9
RDW (RBC distribution width)
11.5%–14.6%
MCV: mean corpuscular volume
82–98 femtoliters (fl)
MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin
26–34 picograms (pg)
MCHC%: mean corpuscular hemoglobin content
31–38 gm/dL or 31%–38%
Platelet count
100,000 to 450,000

WBC: White blood cell differential
WBC total: adults and children >2 years
4,500–10,000 or 4.5–10 x 109/liter (SI units)
WBC total: children <2 years
6,200–17,000 or 6.2–17 x 109/liter (SI units)
WBC total: neonates
9,00–30,000 or 9–30 x 109/liter (SI units)
Neutrophils
55%–70%
2500–8000 per ml
Band neutrophils (immature or stab neutrophils)
0%–3%
0–400 per ml
Lymphocytes
20%–40
1000–4000 per ml
Monocytes
2%–8%
100–700 per ml
Eosinophils
1%–4%
50–500 per ml
Basophils (also called mast cells)
0.1%–1%
25–100 per ml

Red blood cell (RBC) count
Men
4.7–6.1 x 106 RBCs per microliter (mcL, μL) or 4.7–6.1 x 1012/liter (L) (2nd value is in SI units)
Women
4.2–5.4 x 106 RBCs/µL or 4.2–5.4 x 1012/L
Children
4.0–5.5 x 106 RBCs/µL or 4.6–4.8 x 1012/L
Newborn
4.8–7.1 x 106 RBCs/µL or 4.8–7.1 x 1012/L

Platelet (thrombocyte) count
Children
150,000–450,000 platelets per mm3 or 150–450 x 109/L (SI units)
Adults
150,000–400,000 platelets per mm3 or 150–400 x 109/L (SI units)

Mean platelet volume (MPV)
Children
7.4–10.4 mcm3 or 7.4–10.4 fL
Adults
7.4–10.4 mcm3 or 7.4–10.4 fL

Blood coagulation time
partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
60–70 seconds
activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
30–40 seconds
prothrombin time (PT)
11.0–12.5 seconds; 85%–100%

Hematocrit (HCT)
Men
42%–52% or 0.42–0.52 volume fraction (SI units)
Women
37%–47% or 0.37–0.47 volume fraction
Pregnant women
1st trimester: 35%–46%
2nd trimester: 30%–42%
3rd trimester: 34%–44%
Postpartum: 30%–44%
Children
32%–44%
Newborns
44%–64%

Hemoglobin (Hgb)
in general, a normal hemoglobin level is about one-third the value of the hematocrit
Men
14–18 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or 8.7–11.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (SI units)
Women
12–16 g/dL or 7.4–9.9 mmol/L
Pregnant women
1st trimester: 11.4–15.0 g/dL or 7.1–9.3 mmol/L
2nd trimester: 10.0–14.3 g/dL or 6.2–8.9 mmol/L
3rd trimester: 10.2–14.4 g/dL or 6.3–8.9 mmol/L
Postpartum: 10.4–18.0 g/dL or 6.4–9.3 mmol/L
Children
9.5–15.5 g/dL
Newborn
14–24 g/dL

Electrolytes and blood chemistry
BUN: blood urea nitrogen
7–20 mg/dL or 3.6–7.1mM (mmol/L)
Calcium
8.8–10.3 mg/dL
Calcium, ionized
2.2–2.6mM
Chloride
95–107mM
Magnesium
1.6–2.4mM
Phosphate
2.5–4.5 mg/dL or 1.0–1.4mM
Potassium
3.5–5.2mM
Sodium
135–147mM
Ferritin  (ng/ml)
13–300
Folate  (ng/dl)
3.6–20
Glucose, fasting  (mg/dl)
60–110
Glucose (2 hours postprandial)  (mg/dl)
Up to 140
Hemoglobin A1c
6–8
Iron  (mcg/dl)
65–150
Lactic acid  (milliequivalents/liter, meq/L)
0.7–2.1
LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), international units/liter: IU/L
56–194 IU/L
Osmolality
289–308 mOsm/kg
SGOT (AST)
< 35 IU/L  (20–48)
SGPT (ALT)
<35 IU/L
Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
250–420  μ/dl
Transferrin
> 200 mg/dl
Uric acid    (male)
2.0–8.0 mg/dl
Uric acid    (female)
2.0–7.5 mg/dl

Creatinine kinase (CK) isoenzymes
CK-BB
0%
CK-MB (cardiac)
0%–3.9%
CK-MM
96%–100%
creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
8–150 IU/L
creatinine (mg/dl)
0.5–1.4 or <133mM (mmol/L)

Serum Protein
Total protein
6–8.5g/dL

Albumin
3.2–5g/dL

Globulin
2.2–4.2g/dL

Albumin/Globulin ratio
1.1–2.4 (calculated)


Thyroid Function tests
Free T3
2.3–4.2 pg/ml
Serum T3
70–200 ng/dl
Free T4
0.5–2.1 ng/dl
Serum T4
4.0–12.0 μ/dl
TSH
0.25–4.30 microunits/ml


In the next blog I will include an alphabetical listing of numerous clinical values and a partial glossary.  Please try and stay awake.

Blog 12/18/10

How do I interpret the blood test results? 

How do I interpret the blood test results?  I am listing some clinical values along with a partial glossary of terms.  I will try my best to touch on a few of the major values and what they mean.  If you need further information, there is always Google, and you can ask your doctor.

J
K
Q
X
Y

Blood Test
Specimen
Conventional Units
SI Units
1-10
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]
Plasma
16–65 pg/mL
40–160 pmol/L
11-deoxycortisol (compound S)
Plasma
<1 mg/dL
<30 nmol/L
17-hydroxyprogesterone; men
Plasma
0.06–3.0 mg/L
0.2–9.0 nmol/L
17-hydroxyprogesterone; women follicular phase
Plasma
0.2–1.0 mg/L
0.6–3 nmol/L
17-hydroxyprogesterone; women luteal phase
Plasma
0.5–3.5 mg/L
1.5–10.6 nmol/L
25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]
Plasma
8–80 ng/mL
20–200 nmol/L
Acetoacetate
Plasma
<3 mg/dL
<0.3 mmol/L
Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), 8am
Plasma
9–52 pg/mL
7–27–27 pmol/L
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT)

kat = katal, the amount of enzyme which transforms 1 mole
of substrate per second
Serum
0–35 U/L
0–0.58 mkat/L
Albumin
Serum
3.5–5.5 g/dL
35–55 g/L
Aldolase
Serum
<8.1 U/L
<135 nkat/L
Aldosterone
Urine 
5–19 mg/dL
14–53 nmol/dL
Aldosterone, 8am, (patient supine, 100 mmol/L Na+ and 60–100 mmol/L K+ intake)
Plasma
<8 ng/dL
<220 pmol/L
Alpha fetoprotein (adult): α-fetoprotein
Serum
<30 ng/mL
<30 mg/L
Alpha1 antitrypsin (α1-antitrypsin)
Serum
85–213 mg/dL
0.8–2.1 g/L
Ammonia, as NH3
Serum
10–80 mg/dL
0–47 mmol/L
Amylase
Serum
60–150 U/L
0.8–3.2 mkat/L
Androstenedione; men
Plasma
0.8–1.3 ng/mL
3.0–5.0 nmol/L
Androstenedione; women
Plasma
1–2 ng/mL
3.5–7.0 nmol/L
Angiotensin II, 8am
Plasma
10–30 pg/mL
10–30 nmol/L
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
Serum
<40 U/L
<670 nkat/L
Antinuclear antibody agglutination
Serum
<1:80 titer
<1:80 titer
Arginine vasopressin (AVP), random fluid intake
Plasma
1.5–6.0 ng/L
1.4–5.6 pmol/L
Arterial blood gas [HCO3]
Arterial Blood
21–30 meq/L
21–28 mmol/L
Arterial blood gas PCO2
kiloPascal (kPa) is a pressure measurement
Arterial Blood
35–45 mmHg
4.7–5.9 kPa
Arterial blood gas pH
Arterial Blood

7.38–7.44
Arterial blood gas PO2
Arterial Blood
80–100 mmHg
11–13 kPa
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
Serum
0.4–1.0 mg/dL
23–57 mmol/L
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, SGOT)
Serum
0–35 U/L
0–0.58 mkat/L
AVP (Arginine vasopressin), random fluid intake
Plasma
1.5–6.0 ng/L
1.4–5.6 pmol/L
B    top
Bands
Blood
0–4%
0–0.04
Basophils (BASO)
Blood
0–2%
0–0.02
Beta-Hydroxybutyrate: β-hydroxybutyrate
Plasma
<3 mg/dL
<300 mmol/L
Bilirubin, Direct
Serum
0.1–0.3 mg/dL
1.7–5.1 mmol/L
Bilirubin, Indirect
Serum
0.2–0.7 mg/dL
3.4–12 mmol/L
Bilirubin, total
Serum
0.3–1.0 mg/dL
5.1–17 mmol/L
Bleeding time (Simplate)
Blood
<7 min
<7 min
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Serum
10–20 mg/dL
3.6–7.1 mmol/L
C    top
Calcitonin Men
Plasma
<13.8 pg/mL
<13.8 ng/L
Calcitonin Women
Plasma
<6.4 pg/mL
<6.4 ng/L
Calcium
Serum
9–10.5 mg/dL
2.25–2.62 mmol/L
Calcium, ionized
Blood
4.5–5.6 mg/dL
1.1–1.4 mmol/L
Carbon dioxide content
Serum
23–28 meq/L
23–28 mmol/L
Carbon dioxide tension (PCO2)
Arterial blood (sea level)
35–45 mmHg
4.7–5.9 kPa
Carboxyhemoglobin non-smoker
Blood
0–2.3%
0–0.023
Carboxyhemoglobin smoker
Blood
2.1–4.2%
0.021–0.042
Carotene
Serum
75–300 mg/dL
1.4–5.6 mmol/L
Carotenoids
Serum
50–300 mg/dL
0.9–5.6 mmol/L
Ceruloplasmin
Serum
27–37 ng/dL
270–370 mg/L
Chloride
Serum
98–106 meq/L
98–106 mmol/L
Cholesterol (see Table in Lipoproteins page)
Chorionic gonadotropin, Beta-subunit (B-hCG), men and nonpregnant women
Plasma
<3 mIU/mL
<3 IU/L
Copper
Serum
70–155 mg/dL
11–24 mmol/L
Cortisol  am
Plasma
5–25 mg/dL
140–690 nmol/L
Cortisol pm
Plasma
3–12 mg/dL
80–330 nmol/L
Cortisol Urinary Free
Urine
10–50 mg/dL
25–140 nmol/dL
Creatine kinase-MB
Serum
< 3% of total
<0.03 of total
Creatinine
Serum
<1.5 mg/dL
<133 mmol/L
Creatinine kinase (CK); females
Serum
<190 U/L
<3.17 mkat/L
Creatinine kinase (CK); males
Serum
<235 U/L
<3.92 mkat/L
D    top
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
Plasma
2–9 ng/dL
7–31 nmol/L
Delta-aminolevulinic acid
Serum
<20 mg/dL
<1.5 mmol/L
DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone)
Plasma
2–9 ng/dL
7–31 nmol/L
DHEA sulfate
Plasma
500–2500 mg/dL
1.3–6.8 mmol/L
E    top
EOS (eosinophils)
Blood
0–7%
0–0.07
Eosinophils (EOS)
Blood
0–7%
0–0.07
Erythrocyte count
Blood
4.15–4.90 × 106/mm3
4.15–4.90 × 1012/L
Erythropoietin
Serum

5–36 U/L
Estradiol; men
Plasma
<50 pg/mL
<180 pmol/L
Estradiol; women (higher at ovulation)
Plasma
20–60 pg/mL
70–220 pmol/L
Ethanol
Blood
<0.005%
<0.005%
Euglobulin lysis time
Blood
>2 h
>2 h
F    top
Fatty acids, free (nonesterified)
Plasma
<18 mg/dL
180 mg/L
Ferritin; men
Serum
15–400 ng/mL
15–400 mg/L
Ferritin; women
Serum
10–200 ng/mL
10–200 mg/L
Fibrinogen
Plasma
150–400 mg/dL
1.5–4 g/L
Folate
Serum
2.5–20 ng/mL
>4.3 nmol/L
Folate, red cell
Red blood cells
160–855 ng/mL 
>95 nmol/L
Folic acid
Red cell
150–450 ng/mL cells
340–1020 nmol/L cells
Folic acid
Serum
3–16 ng/mL cells
7–36 nmol/L cells
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); men
Plasma
0.9–15 mIU/mL
0.9–15 IU/L
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); postmenopausal women
Plasma
34–96 mIU/mL
34–96 IU/L
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); women ovulatory surge
Plasma
2.3–21 mIU/mL
2.3–21 IU/L
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); women mature, premenopausal, except at ovulation
Plasma
1.4–9.6 mIU/mL
1.4–9.6 IU/L
FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone)
Plasma
0.9–15 mIU/mL
0.9–15 IU/L
G    top
Gastrin
Serum
40–180 pg/mL
40–180 ng/L
Glucagon
Plasma
50–100 pg/mL
50–100 ng/L
Glucose fasting (diabetes mellitus)
Plasma
>140 mg/dL
>7.8 mmol/L
Glucose fasting (normal)
Plasma
75–115 mg/dL
4.2–6.4 mmol/L
Glucose: 2 hour post prandial  (impaired glucose tolerance)
Plasma
140–200 mg/dL
7.8–11.1 mmol/L
Glucose: 2 hour post prandial (normal)
Plasma
<140 mg/dL
<7.8 mmol/L
Glucose: 2 hour postprandial  (diabetes mellitus)
Plasma
>200 mg/dL
>11.1 mmol/L
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Hb = hemoglobin
Blood
12.1 ± 2 IU/g Hb
0.78 ± 0.13 MU/mol Hb
Growth hormone, after 100 g oral glucose
Serum
<2 ng/mL
<2 mg/L
H    top
Ham's test (acid serum)
Blood
Negative
Negative
Haptoglobin (serum)
Blood
50–220 mg/dL
0.5–2.2 g/L
HbF (Hemoglobin, fetal)
Blood
<2%
<0.02
HCT; females (hematocrit)
Blood
37–48%
0.37–0.48
HCT; males (Hematocrit)
Blood
42–52%
0.42–0.52
Hematocrit (HCT); females
Blood
37–48%
0.37–0.48
Hematocrit (HCT); males
Blood
42–52%
0.42–0.52
Hemoglobin A1c
Whole Blood
3.8–6.4%
0.038–0.064
Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2)
Blood
1.5–3.5%
0.015–0.035
Hemoglobin; female
Blood
12–16 g/dL
120–160 g/L
Hemoglobin; male
Blood
14–18 g/dL
140–180 g/L
Hemoglobin; whole blood females
Blood
12–16 g/dL
7.4–9.9 mmol/L
Hemoglobin; whole blood males
Blood
13–18 g/dL
8.1–11.2 mmol/L
Hemoglobin; fetal (HbF)
Blood
<2%
<0.02
I    top
Insulin, fasting
Serum or Plasma
6–26 mU/mL
43–186 pmol/L
Iron
Serum
60–150 mg/dL
11–29 mmol/L
Iron Saturation
Serum
20–45%
0.2–0.45
Iron-binding capacity
Serum
250–370 mg/dL
45–66 mmol/L
L    top
Lactate (Lactic acid)
Plasma
6–16 mg/dL
0.67–1.8 mmol/L
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Serum
100–190 U/L
1.7–3.2 mkat/L
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes Fraction 1 (of total)
Serum
14–26%
0.14–0.25
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes Fraction 2 (of total)
Serum
29–39%
0.29–0.39
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes Fraction 3 (of total)
Serum
20–26%
0.20–0.25
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes Fraction 4 (of total)
Serum
8–16%
0.08–0.16
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes Fraction 5 (of total)
Serum
6–16%
0.06–0.16
LAP (leukocyte alkaline phosphatase)
Blood
13–100 m/L
0.2–1.6 mkat/L
LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase)
Serum
100–190 U/L
1.7–3.2 mkat/L
Lead
Serum
<40 mg/dL
<1.9 mmol/L
Leukocyte Alkaline phosphatase (LAP)
Blood
13–100 m/L
0.2–1.6 mkat/L
Leukocyte Count (WBC, white blood cell count)
Blood
4.3–10.8 × 103/mm3
4.3–10.8 × 109/L
Lipase
Serum
0–160 U/L
0–2.66 mkat/L
Lipoprotein (a)
Serum
0–3 mg/dL
0–300 mg/L
Lutenizing hormone; men
Serum
1.3–13 mIU/mL
1.3–13 IU/L
Lutenizing hormone; women mature, premenopausal, except at ovulation
Serum
0.8–26 mIU/mL
0.8–26 IU/L
Lutenizing hormone; women ovulatory surge
Serum
25–57 mIU/mL
25–57 IU/L
Lutenizing hormone; women postmenopausal
Serum
40–104 mIU/mL
40–104 IU/L
Lymphocytes (Lymphs)
Blood
16–45%
0.16–0.45
Lymphs (lymphocyes)
Blood
16–45%
0.16–0.45
M    top
Magnesium
Serum
1.8–3 mg/dL
0.8–1.2 mmol/L
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin)
Blood
28–33 pg/cell
28–33 pg/cell
MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)
Blood
32–36 g/dL
320–360 g/L
MCV (mean corpuscular volume)
Blood
86–98 mm3
86–98 fl
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
Blood
28–33 pg/cell
28–33 pg/cell
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Blood
32–36 g/dL
320–360 g/L
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Blood
86–98 mm3
86–98 fl
Mono (monocytes)
Blood
4–10%
0.04–0.10
Monocytes (Mono)
Blood
4–10%
0.04–0.10
Myoglobin 
Serum
<55 ng/L
<55 mg/L
N    top
Neutrophils (Poly, PMN)
Blood
45–74%
0.45–0.74
O    top
Osmolality
Plasma
285–295 mosmol/kg serum water
285–295 mmol/kg serum water
Oxygen percent saturation (sea level)
B, arterial
97%
0.97 mol/mol
Oxygen tension (PO2)
Blood
80–100 mmHg
11–13 kPa
P    top
Parathyroid hormone
Serum
10–60 pg/mL
10–60 ng/L
Parathyroid hormone-related protein
Plasma
<1.3 pmol/L
<1.3 pmol/L
pH
Arterial Blood
7.38–7.44
7.38–7.44
Phosphatase, acid
Serum
0–5.5 U/L
0.90 nkat/L
Phosphatase, alkaline
Serum
30–120 U/L
0.5–2.0 nkat/L
Phosphorus, inorganic
Serum
3–4.5 mg/dL
1.0–1.4 mmol/L
Platelets
Blood
130,000–400,000/mm3
130–400 × 109/L
PMN (neutrophils, Poly)
Blood
45–74%
0.45–0.74
Poly (neutrophils, PMN)
Blood
45–74%
0.45–0.74
Potassium
Serum
3.5–5.0 meq/L
3.5–5.0 mmol/L
Progesterone; men, prepubertal girls, preovulatory women, postmenopausal women
Plasma
<2 ng/mL
<6 nmol/L
Progesterone; women, luteal, peak
Plasma
2–20 ng/mL
6–60 nmol/L
Prolactin
Serum
2–15 ng/mL
2–15 mg/L
Prostate specific antigen >40 years
Serum
0.0–4.0 ng/mL
0.0–4.0 mg/L
Prostate specific antigen; male <40 years
Serum
0.0–2.0 ng/mL
0.0–2.0 mg/L
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA); female
Serum
<0.5 ng/mL
<0.5 mg/L
Protein, total
Serum
5.5–8.0 g/dL
55–80 g/L
Protoporphyrin, free erythrocyte (FEP)
Blood
16–36 mg/dL of red blood cells
0.28–0.64 mmol/L of red blood cells
PSA, free, in males 45–75 years, with PSA values between 4 and 20 mg/mL
Serum
>25% associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
>0.25 associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Pyruvate
Plasma
0.5–1.5 mg/dL
60–170 mmol/L
R    top
RDW (Red cell distribution width)
Blood
13–15%
0.13–0.15
Red cell distribution width (RDW)
Blood
13–15%
0.13–0.15
Reverse T3 (rT3)
Serum
2.6–18.9 ng/dL
0.04–0.29 nmol/L
Rheumatoid factor
Serum
<40 IU/mL
<40 kIU/L
rT3 (Reverse T3) 
Serum
2.6–18.9 ng/dL
0.04–0.29 nmol/L
S    top
Sodium
Serum
136–145 meq/L
136–145 mmol/L
Sucrose hemolysis
Blood
Negative
Negative
T    top
T3 (Free)
Serum
230–420 pg/dL
3.5–6.5 pmol/L
T3 (Total)
Serum
60–181 ng.dL
0.9–2.8 nmol/L
Testosterone; men
Plasma
3–10 ng/mL
10–35 nmol/L
Testosterone; women
Plasma
<1 ng/mL
<3.5 nmol/L
Thyroglobulin
Serum
0–60 ng/mL
0–60 mg/L
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Serum
0.4–5.0 mU/mL
0.4–5.0 mU/L
Thyroxine (T4)
Serum
5–12 mg/dL
64–154 nmol/L
Transferrin
Serum
230–390 mg/dL
2.3–3.9 g/L
Triglycerides
Serum
<160 mg/dL
<1.8 mmol/L
Troponin I
Serum
0–0.4 ng/mL
0–0.4 mg/L
Troponin T
Serum
0–0.1 ng/mL
0–0.1 mg/L
TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)
Serum
0.4–5.0 mU/mL
0.4–5.0 mU/L
U    top
Uric acid; men
Serum
2.5–8.0 mg/dL
150–480 mmol/L
Uric acid; women
Serum
1.5–6.0 mg/dL
90–360 mmol/L
V    top
Vitamin A
Serum
20–100 mg/dL
0.7–3.5 mmol/L
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Serum
0–2 mg/dL
0–75 nmol/L
Vitamin B12
Serum
200–600 pg/mL
148–443 pmol/L
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Serum
4–24 mg/dL
106–638 nmol/L
Vitamin B6
Plasma
5–30 ng/ml
20–121 nmol/L
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Serum
0.4–1.0 mg/dL
23–57 mmol/L
Vitamin D3: 1,25-dihydroxy
Serum
25–45 pg/mL
60–108 pmol/L
Vitamin D3: 25-hydroxy;  winter
Plasma
14–42 ng/mL
34.9–105 nmol/L
Vitamin D3: 25-hydroxy;  summer
Plasma
15–80 ng/mL
37.4–200 nmol/L
Vitamin E
Serum
5–18 mg/mL
12–42 mmol/L
von Willebrand's antigen
Blood
60–150%
60–150%
WBC (leukocyte count, white blood cell count)
Blood
4.3–10.8 × 103/mm3
4.3–10.8 × 109/L
Westergren Sed Rate; females < 50 y/o
Blood
0–20 mm/h
0–20 mm/h
Westergren Sed Rate; females > 50 y/o
Blood
0–30 mm/h
0–30 mm/h
Westergren Sed Rate; males < 50 y/o
Blood
0–15 mm/h
0–15 mm/h
Westergren Sed Rate; males >50 y/o
Blood
0–20 mm/h
0–20 mm/h
White blood cell count (leukocyte count, WBC)
Blood
4.3–10.8 × 103/mm3
4.3–10.8 × 109/L
Zinc
Serum
75–120 mg/dL
11.5–18.5 mmol/L
In the next blog, I will try to make a feeble attempt to describe some of the tests and what they mean.

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